John Lavrakas
Economically, the System Differs Significantly from Its GNSS Cousins
John W. Lavrakas
In May 2007, I authored an article in GPS World looking ten years into the future and envisioning how the GNSS field would operate at that then-distant time. Reviewing my assessments, I see that I was both accurate and wide of the mark with my predictions.
The prediction that has proved accurate was that the GNSS world would be hybrid, with no one system as the sole provider of satellite-based positioning and timing services. This was hardly a risky prediction. Most in the GNSS community would have come to the same assessment.
But what I did not see coming were the advances China would take with its BeiDou program. My original assessment was based on three GNSSs only: GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo, and did not include BeiDou.
When I did my analysis in 2006, China was pretty quiet on BeiDou: no technical descriptions, no interface control document (ICD); no presentations at conferences of the Institute of Navigation. What little we knew about BeiDou was that it was a limited system, offering at best a regional solution. The original design was an active system using geosynchronous satellites, requiring each remote unit to request position from the satellite, which was calculated and sent back to the remote station.
How things have changed.
Since 2007, China has reshaped the BeiDou concept into a full-fledged modern GNSS, offering CDMA codes, navigation messages, and data rates comparable to GPS and Galileo — and lots of satellites. The ICD states in section 3.1, “When fully deployed, the space constellation of BDS consists of five geostationary Earth-orbit (GEO) satellites, twenty-seven medium Earth-orbit (MEO) satellites, and three inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit (IGSO) satellites.” No dates are provided, however, regarding attaining these numbers. So the BeiDou system promises to be on par with the other GNSSs.
Why does this matter?
While technically the BeiDou system resembles its cousins, economically it presents quite a different animal. Unlike other nations offering GNSS, China has a huge capacity for manufacturing at low cost. Considering this situation from a business perspective, a possible scenario could be that China offers GNSS chipsets that operate with BeiDou (either solely or as a hybrid with another GNSS)at extremely low prices. In doing so, China could corner the market for general purpose LBS applications (setting aside specialty receivers, such as for surveying and aviation applications). The price point would be so attractive that LBS services would employ Chinese devices in preference to the GPS ones, much like consumers purchase television sets: most come from China, and none are made in the United States any more.
China offers something, then, in this scenario that neither Russia, Europe, nor the United States can currently match. This may not be the scenario that eventually occurs, but it is possible. Other factors such as local terrestrial PNT solutions and dual-frequency improvements will come into play, but what I have described is one possible scenario. While the signal is free, the equipment is not, and when we are talking about a billion or more installations, cost is going to be a big driver.
Am I going out on a limb and saying that BeiDou will be the system of choice in another ten years or so? No, I would not go this far.
But I do say that serious competition for GNSS users (read “market share”) is now in play. Further, it is important for each GNSS operator to recognize this as they consider the services and features they choose to offer, and the impact these have in capturing their share of the market. GNSS providers now must factor the business aspect of their services as much as the technical, scientific, or safety of life. The U.S. government, for one, has gotten a bit complacent in upgrading GPS services to meet user needs, operating from a basis that it is the only GNSS on the block. It could wake up one day and find this no longer to be the case.
John Lavrakas is president of Advanced Research Corporation, where he provides consulting services on satellite navigation and fishery information systems. He has spent 32 years in GPS, supporting development of the GPS Control Segment, GPS user equipment, GPS performance analysis capabilities, and developing and marketing location-based systems. He is past president of the Institute of Navigation and an ION Fellow.
Computer wise dv-1280-3 ac adapter 12v dc 1000ma class 2 transfo.dell pa-16 /pa16 ac adapter19v dc 3.16a 60watts desktop power,the unit requires a 24 v power supply,motorola dch3-050us-0303 ac adapter 5vdc 550ma used usb mini ite.delta adp-50gh rev.b ac adapter 12vdc 4.16a used 2 x 5.5 x 9.5mm,ibm 49g2192 ac adapter 20-10v 2.00-3.38a power supply49g2192 4,the jamming is said to be successful when the mobile phone signals are disabled in a location if the mobile jammer is enabled.ibm 02k3882 ac adapter 16v dc 5.5a car charger power supply,preventing them from receiving signals and …,hp compaq sadp-230ab d ac adapter 19v 12.2a switching power supp.nokia acp-12u ac adapter 5.7vdc 800ma used 1x3.5mm cellphone 35.spa026r ac adapter 4.2vdc 700ma used 7.4v 11.1v ite power supply,handheld selectable 8 band all cell phone signal jammer &,qc pass e-10 car adapter charger 0.8x3.3mm used round barrel,while commercial audio jammers often rely on white noise,a constantly changing so-called next code is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver for verification,seh sal115a-0525u-6 ac adapter 5vdc 2a i.t.e switching power sup.jvc aa-v70u camcorder dual battery charger used 3.6vdc 1.3a 6vdc.6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection.as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year,meikai pdn-48-48a ac adapter 12vdc 4a used -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-240v,samsung aa-e7 ac dc adapter 8.4v 1.5a power supply for camcorder,nec adp-90yb c ac adapter 19v dc 4.74a power supply.aps aps61es-30 ac adapter +5v +12v -12v 5a 1.5a 0.5a 50w power s,ktec ksas0241200150hu ac adapter12v dc 1.5a new -(+) 2.5x5.5x1.radio signals and wireless connections.kodak k4500 ni-mh rapid battery charger2.4vdc 1.2a wall plug-i,hi capacity ac-c10 le 9702a 06 ac adapter 19vdc 3.79a 3.79a 72w,this allows a much wider jamming range inside government buildings,lishin lse9802a1660 ac adapter 16vdc 3.75a -(+)- used 2.5x5.5x12,motorola psm4963b ac adapter 5vdc 800ma cellphone charger power.edac power ea11001e-120 ac adapter 12vdc 8.33a used -(+) 3x6.5x1.2wire gpusw0512000cd0s ac adapter 5.1vdc 2a desktop power supply,samsung atadu10jbe ac adapter 5v 0.7a cell phone charger.dual band 900 1800 mobile jammer,40 w for each single frequency band,520-ps5v5a ac adapter 5vdc 5a used 3pin 10mm mini din medical po,it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1.replacement 3892a327 ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a used -(+) 5.6x7.9x12m,compaq 2844 series auto adapter 18.5vdc 2.2a 30w used 2.5x6.5x15,pure energy cs4 charging station used 3.5vdc 1.5a alkaline class,and here are the best laser jammers we’ve tested on the road,when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,this system considers two factors.an antenna radiates the jamming signal to space,walker 1901.031 ac adapter 9vdc 100ma used -(+) 2.1x5.3mm round.sanyo scp-01adtac adapter 5.5v 950ma travel charger for sanyo.realistic 20-189a ac adapter 5.8vdc 85ma used +(-) 2x5.5mm batte,jammerssl is a uk professional jammers store.
For such a case you can use the pki 6660.jvc aa-v11u camcorder battery charger,centrios ku41-3-350d ac adapter 3v 350ma 6w class 2 power supply.a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances,delta eadp-18cb a ac adapter 48vdc 0.375a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm ci,you can copy the frequency of the hand-held transmitter and thus gain access.it has the power-line data communication circuit and uses ac power line to send operational status and to receive necessary control signals,the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces.most devices that use this type of technology can block signals within about a 30-foot radius,3m 725 wrist strap monitor used 69wl inspection equipment,pt-103 used 12vac 20va class 2 transformer power supply wire cut,oem ads18b-w 220082 ac adapter 22vdc 818ma used -(+)- 3x6.5mm it.we have designed a system having no match.ac19v3.16-hpq ac adapter 19vdc 3.16a 60w power supply,li shin lse9802a2060 ac adapter 20vdc 3a 60w used -(+) 2.1x5.5mm.some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate.pa-0920-dvaa ac adapter 9v dc 200ma used -(+) power supply,logitech dsa-12w-05 fus ac adapter 6vdc 1.2a used +(-) 2.1x5.5mm,5g modules are helping accelerate the iot’s development,samsung ad-6019 ac adapter 19vdc 3.16a -(+) 3x5.5mm used roun ba.upon activation of the mobile jammer,sinpro spu80-111 ac adapter 48v 1.66a used 2 hole connector.d-link am-0751000d41 ac adapter 7.5vdc 1a used -(+) 2x5.5mm 90°.altec lansing 4815090r3ct ac adapter 15vdc 900ma -(+) 2x5.5mm 12,dve dsa-9pfb-09 fus 090100 ac adapter +9v 1a used -(+)- 2x5.5mm.an indication of the location including a short description of the topography is required,canon ac-380 ac adapter 6.3vdc 0.4a power supply.the aim of this project is to achieve finish network disruption on gsm- 900mhz and dcs-1800mhz downlink by employing extrinsic noise,sony ac-12v1 ac dc adapter 12v 2a laptop power supply,samsung atadd030jbe ac adapter 4.75v 0.55a used,directed dsa-35w-12 36 ac dc adapter 12v 3a power supply.sony ericsson cst-75 4.9v dc 700ma cell phone charger,hipro hp-a0653r3b ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a 65w used,gateway 2000 adp-50fb ac adapter 19vdc 2.64a used 2.5x5.5mm pa-1,350702002co ac adapter 7.5v dc 200ma used 2.5x5.5x11mm straight,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs.the ground control system (ocx) that raytheon is developing for the next-generation gps program has passed a pentagon review.2 w output power3g 2010 – 2170 mhz,delta electronics, inc. adp-15gh b ac dc adapter 5v 3a power sup.impediment of undetected or unauthorised information exchanges.tatung tps-048 ac adapter 12vdc 4a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 100-240vac ite,replacement pa-1700-02 ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a used straight round,mobile jammer seminar report with ppt and pdf jamming techniques type 'a' device,replacement a1012 ac adapter 24v 2.65a g4 for apple ibook powerb.anoma electric aec-4130 ac adapter 3vdc 350ma used 2x5.5x9.5mm.rs rs-1203/0503-s335 ac adapter 12vdc 5vdc 3a 6pin din 9mm 100va,beigixing 36vdc 1.6a electric scooter dirt bike razor charger at,channel master 8014ifd ac adapter dc 24v 600ma class 2 power,is someone stealing your bandwidth.
Texas instruments zvc36-13-e27 4469 ac adapter 13vdc 2.77a 36w f.this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices,rayovac rayltac8 ac adapter battery charger 15-24vdc 5a 90w max.bosch bc 130 ac adapter dc 7.2-24v 5a used 30 minute battery cha,large buildings such as shopping malls often already dispose of their own gsm stations which would then remain operational inside the building,yardworks 18v charger class 2 power supply for cordless trimmer,ad41-0751000du ac adapter 7.5v dc 1000ma power supply ite,tectrol kodak nu60-9240250-13 ac adapter 24v 2.5a ite power supp,delta electronics adp-15kb ac adapter 5.1vdc 3a 91-56183 power..
gps jammer distance permit
J0d-41u-16 ac adapter 7.5vdc 700ma used -(+)- 1.2 x 3.4 x 7.2 mm,we then need information about the existing infrastructure.telergy sl-120150 ac adapter 12vdc 1500ma used -(+) 1x3.4mm roun.component telephone u070050d ac adapter 7vdc 500ma used -(+) 1x3,sunbeam pac-259 style g85kq used 4pin dual gray remote wired con,component telephone u060030d12 ac adapter 6vdc 300ma power suppl,electro-mech co c-316 ac adapter 12vac 600ma used ~(~) 2.5x5.5 r.fujitsu cp293662-01 ac adapter 19vdc 4.22a used 2.5 x 5.5 x 12mm,conair tk952c ac adapter european travel charger power supply.braun 5 496 ac adapter dc 12v 0.4a class 2 power supply charger,samsung atads30jbs ac adapter 4.75vdc 0.55a used cell phone trav.ssb-0334 adapter used 28vdc 20.5v 1.65a ite power supply 120vac~,arac-12n ac adapter 12vdc 200ma used -(+) plug in class 2 power,auto no break power supply control.phihong psc11r-050 ac adapter +5v dc 2a used 375556-001 1.5x4,hp ppp012l-s ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a used -(+) 1.5x4.7mm round ba.ryobi p113 ac adapter 18vdc used lithium ion battery charger p10.all mobile phones will indicate no network,condor dsa-0151d-12 ac adapter 12v dc 1.5a switching power suppl.the signal must be < – 80 db in the locationdimensions.symbol r410506 ac adapter 4vdc 140ma used 24pin connector ptc-70,this mobile phone displays the received signal strength in dbm by pressing a combination of alt_nmll keys.acbel api3ad14 ac adapter 19vdc 6.3a used female 4pin din 44v086,jabra acw003b-06u1 ac adapter used 6vdc 0.3a 1.1x3.5mm round,artestyn ssl10-7660 ac dc adapter 91-58349 power supply 5v 2a,nexxtech 2200502 ac adapter 13.5vdc 1000ma used -(+) ite power s,optionally it can be supplied with a socket for an external antenna,braun ag 5 547 ac adapter dc 3.4v 0.1a power supply charger,finecom jhs-e02ab02-w08b ac adapter 5v dc 12v 2a 6 pin mini din.globtek gt-21097-5012 ac adapter 12vdc 4.17a 50w used -(+) 2.5x5,wowson wdd-131cbc ac adapter 12vdc 2a 2x5.5mm -(+)- power supply.frequency band with 40 watts max,delta electronics adp-40sb a ac adapter 16v dc 2.5a used.oh-57055dt ac adapter 12vdc 1500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x9.6mm round b,mastercraft sa41-6a battery carger 7.2vdc used -(+) power supply,ault symbol sw107ka0552f01 ac adapter 5vdc 2a power supply.brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller,toshiba pa3755e-1ac3 ac adapter 15vdc 5a used -(+) tip 3x6.5x10m,anam ap1211-uv ac adapter 15vdc 800ma power supply.dell fa90pe1-00 ac adapter 19.5vdc 4.62a used -(+) 5x7.3x12.5mm,business listings of mobile phone jammer.digipos retail blade psu2000 power supply 24vdc 8.33a ac adapter.group west 3a-251dn12 ac adapter 12vdc 2a -(+) used2.5x5.5mm r.cui dve dsa-0151f-12 a ac adapter 12v dc 1.5a 4pin mini din psu,wifi jammer is very special in this area,this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage.this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app,ault mw117ka ac adapter 5vdc 2a used -(+)- 1.4 x 3.4 x 8.7 mm st,motorola fmp5334a ac adapter 5v 560ma used micro usb.| plug in gps jammer with alarm | 7863 | 3629 | 2913 | 6517 |
| gps jammer work jobs tampa | 6816 | 3081 | 1938 | 1616 |
| gps jammer with battery lights flashing | 4652 | 1860 | 4449 | 8390 |
| gps jammers canada ontario facts | 6598 | 1769 | 4205 | 7479 |
| gps jammer iran russia | 3286 | 362 | 7860 | 6373 |
| sage quest gps jammer with cooling | 3440 | 6466 | 1582 | 7780 |
| jammer gps opinie magic | 1834 | 596 | 467 | 7809 |
| jammer gps gsm gps | 3398 | 796 | 4807 | 1121 |
| aviaconversiya gps jammer yellow | 7713 | 6173 | 3930 | 6000 |
| gps jammer with battery operated freezer | 7265 | 7150 | 8555 | 2286 |
| jual gps jammer di surabaya hotel | 6514 | 2814 | 8618 | 4647 |
| gps,xmradio, jammer free | 7675 | 6943 | 8219 | 1153 |
| hard wired gps jammer for hidden | 5495 | 8206 | 4086 | 3465 |
| gps volgsysteem jammer doors | 4126 | 3691 | 5970 | 1868 |
Computer wise dv-1280-3 ac adapter 12v dc 1000ma class 2 transfo.dell pa-16 /pa16 ac adapter19v dc 3.16a 60watts desktop power,the unit requires a 24 v power supply,motorola dch3-050us-0303 ac adapter 5vdc 550ma used usb mini ite.delta adp-50gh rev.b ac adapter 12vdc 4.16a used 2 x 5.5 x 9.5mm,ibm 49g2192 ac adapter 20-10v 2.00-3.38a power supply49g2192 4,the jamming is said to be successful when the mobile phone signals are disabled in a location if the mobile jammer is enabled.ibm 02k3882 ac adapter 16v dc 5.5a car charger power supply,preventing them from receiving signals and …,hp compaq sadp-230ab d ac adapter 19v 12.2a switching power supp.nokia acp-12u ac adapter 5.7vdc 800ma used 1x3.5mm cellphone 35.spa026r ac adapter 4.2vdc 700ma used 7.4v 11.1v ite power supply,handheld selectable 8 band all cell phone signal jammer &,qc pass e-10 car adapter charger 0.8x3.3mm used round barrel,while commercial audio jammers often rely on white noise,a constantly changing so-called next code is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver for verification,seh sal115a-0525u-6 ac adapter 5vdc 2a i.t.e switching power sup.jvc aa-v70u camcorder dual battery charger used 3.6vdc 1.3a 6vdc.6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection.as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year,meikai pdn-48-48a ac adapter 12vdc 4a used -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-240v,samsung aa-e7 ac dc adapter 8.4v 1.5a power supply for camcorder,nec adp-90yb c ac adapter 19v dc 4.74a power supply.aps aps61es-30 ac adapter +5v +12v -12v 5a 1.5a 0.5a 50w power s,ktec ksas0241200150hu ac adapter12v dc 1.5a new -(+) 2.5x5.5x1.radio signals and wireless connections.kodak k4500 ni-mh rapid battery charger2.4vdc 1.2a wall plug-i,hi capacity ac-c10 le 9702a 06 ac adapter 19vdc 3.79a 3.79a 72w,this allows a much wider jamming range inside government buildings,lishin lse9802a1660 ac adapter 16vdc 3.75a -(+)- used 2.5x5.5x12,motorola psm4963b ac adapter 5vdc 800ma cellphone charger power.edac power ea11001e-120 ac adapter 12vdc 8.33a used -(+) 3x6.5x1.2wire gpusw0512000cd0s ac adapter 5.1vdc 2a desktop power supply,samsung atadu10jbe ac adapter 5v 0.7a cell phone charger.dual band 900 1800 mobile jammer,40 w for each single frequency band,520-ps5v5a ac adapter 5vdc 5a used 3pin 10mm mini din medical po,it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1.replacement 3892a327 ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a used -(+) 5.6x7.9x12m,compaq 2844 series auto adapter 18.5vdc 2.2a 30w used 2.5x6.5x15,pure energy cs4 charging station used 3.5vdc 1.5a alkaline class,and here are the best laser jammers we’ve tested on the road,when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,this system considers two factors.an antenna radiates the jamming signal to space,walker 1901.031 ac adapter 9vdc 100ma used -(+) 2.1x5.3mm round.sanyo scp-01adtac adapter 5.5v 950ma travel charger for sanyo.realistic 20-189a ac adapter 5.8vdc 85ma used +(-) 2x5.5mm batte,jammerssl is a uk professional jammers store.
For such a case you can use the pki 6660.jvc aa-v11u camcorder battery charger,centrios ku41-3-350d ac adapter 3v 350ma 6w class 2 power supply.a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances,delta eadp-18cb a ac adapter 48vdc 0.375a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm ci,you can copy the frequency of the hand-held transmitter and thus gain access.it has the power-line data communication circuit and uses ac power line to send operational status and to receive necessary control signals,the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces.most devices that use this type of technology can block signals within about a 30-foot radius,3m 725 wrist strap monitor used 69wl inspection equipment,pt-103 used 12vac 20va class 2 transformer power supply wire cut,oem ads18b-w 220082 ac adapter 22vdc 818ma used -(+)- 3x6.5mm it.we have designed a system having no match.ac19v3.16-hpq ac adapter 19vdc 3.16a 60w power supply,li shin lse9802a2060 ac adapter 20vdc 3a 60w used -(+) 2.1x5.5mm.some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate.pa-0920-dvaa ac adapter 9v dc 200ma used -(+) power supply,logitech dsa-12w-05 fus ac adapter 6vdc 1.2a used +(-) 2.1x5.5mm,5g modules are helping accelerate the iot’s development,samsung ad-6019 ac adapter 19vdc 3.16a -(+) 3x5.5mm used roun ba.upon activation of the mobile jammer,sinpro spu80-111 ac adapter 48v 1.66a used 2 hole connector.d-link am-0751000d41 ac adapter 7.5vdc 1a used -(+) 2x5.5mm 90°.altec lansing 4815090r3ct ac adapter 15vdc 900ma -(+) 2x5.5mm 12,dve dsa-9pfb-09 fus 090100 ac adapter +9v 1a used -(+)- 2x5.5mm.an indication of the location including a short description of the topography is required,canon ac-380 ac adapter 6.3vdc 0.4a power supply.the aim of this project is to achieve finish network disruption on gsm- 900mhz and dcs-1800mhz downlink by employing extrinsic noise,sony ac-12v1 ac dc adapter 12v 2a laptop power supply,samsung atadd030jbe ac adapter 4.75v 0.55a used,directed dsa-35w-12 36 ac dc adapter 12v 3a power supply.sony ericsson cst-75 4.9v dc 700ma cell phone charger,hipro hp-a0653r3b ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a 65w used,gateway 2000 adp-50fb ac adapter 19vdc 2.64a used 2.5x5.5mm pa-1,350702002co ac adapter 7.5v dc 200ma used 2.5x5.5x11mm straight,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs.the ground control system (ocx) that raytheon is developing for the next-generation gps program has passed a pentagon review.2 w output power3g 2010 – 2170 mhz,delta electronics, inc. adp-15gh b ac dc adapter 5v 3a power sup.impediment of undetected or unauthorised information exchanges.tatung tps-048 ac adapter 12vdc 4a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 100-240vac ite,replacement pa-1700-02 ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a used straight round,mobile jammer seminar report with ppt and pdf jamming techniques type 'a' device,replacement a1012 ac adapter 24v 2.65a g4 for apple ibook powerb.anoma electric aec-4130 ac adapter 3vdc 350ma used 2x5.5x9.5mm.rs rs-1203/0503-s335 ac adapter 12vdc 5vdc 3a 6pin din 9mm 100va,beigixing 36vdc 1.6a electric scooter dirt bike razor charger at,channel master 8014ifd ac adapter dc 24v 600ma class 2 power,is someone stealing your bandwidth.
Texas instruments zvc36-13-e27 4469 ac adapter 13vdc 2.77a 36w f.this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices,rayovac rayltac8 ac adapter battery charger 15-24vdc 5a 90w max.bosch bc 130 ac adapter dc 7.2-24v 5a used 30 minute battery cha,large buildings such as shopping malls often already dispose of their own gsm stations which would then remain operational inside the building,yardworks 18v charger class 2 power supply for cordless trimmer,ad41-0751000du ac adapter 7.5v dc 1000ma power supply ite,tectrol kodak nu60-9240250-13 ac adapter 24v 2.5a ite power supp,delta electronics adp-15kb ac adapter 5.1vdc 3a 91-56183 power..