Photo: NovAtel
An applications engineer and his sky-jumping bud don wingsuits to test a NovAtel GNSS receiver integrated with an Epson IMU.
In September 2019, a specialized team assembled at an airstrip outside of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Their mission: Put the Hexagon | NovAtel PwrPak7D-E2 enclosed receiver through tricky test procedures that involved jumping out of an airplane at 10,000 feet.
Taking the NovAtel SPAN receiver to the skies was the brainchild of Andrew Levson, who is both a NovAtel engineer and a skydiving aficionado. He proposed using a wingsuit to test the receiver’s positioning accuracy.
The first wingsuit dive took place in 2011, with NovAtel’s OEM615 receiver and ALIGN heading technology.
This time, the engineers aimed to test both NovAtel’s GNSS receiver featuring SPAN tightly coupled GNSS+INS functionality and its new companion, the Epson G370 inertial measurement unit (IMU). Both are packed in the PwrPak7D-E2 to provide uninterrupted positioning even in GNSS-denied environments.
Wingsuit jumpers Andrew Levson (right) and Blair Egan suit up for the NovAtel tests. (Photo: NovAtel)
“We chose to revive the project, given that equipment has evolved with more comprehensive capabilities,” said Patrick Casiano, manager of Product Management and Applied Technology, NovAtel. “Between 2011 and 2019, we could significantly reduce the payload while increasing value in the data.” In 2011, NovAtel was only able to monitor Levson’s heading. In 2019, the team captured heading, azimuth, pitch and roll measurements.
“We wanted to prove that our equipment can work in a high-dynamic environment, which isn’t necessarily ideal conditions for collecting positioning data,” explained Kiera Fulton, associate product manager, Enclosures and Post-Processing Software, NovAtel. “By proving our products work in a less-than-ideal environment, we exemplify how robust our solutions are.”
Photo: NovAtel
Test Preparation
For the 2019 test, the team chose to gather attitude data. The team also asked Levson to perform specific skydiving maneuvers to rigorously test the positioning solution. “Rather than performing just a simple flight to the ground, we wanted to challenge the solution to reveal more,” Casiano said.
The test was not easy to implement. A lot of behind-the-scenes planning and preparation went into the project. Plus, unforeseen factors made the test more challenging, Fulton said, such as logistics and weather.
“The skydivers require specific weather conditions in order to jump safely,” Fulton said. “Considering how quickly the weather can change here in Alberta, the time windows in which the skydivers could safely jump were few and far between. We pulled through regardless of these adversities.”
When the day of the jump came, the skydivers jumped five times — as many jumps as the weather would permit. “Theoretically, one jump is enough,” Casiano explained. “But as engineers, we always want to have more data to work with.”
2011 wingsuit jump setup. (Image: NovAtel)
Wingsuit Jumps Compared: Because of the PwrPak7D-E2’s small size yet strong processing power, Levson required fewer devices in 2019 than in 2011, when he was equipped with two receivers, two antennas, a laptop and a battery. The amount of positioning data also increased. (Image: NovAtel)
High-Flying Maneuvers
The skydivers executed four maneuvers during their jumps.
DART: This simple jump established a baseline for more complex maneuvers to follow. (Photo: NovAtel)" width="1200" height="675" />DART: This simple jump established a baseline for more complex maneuvers to follow. (Photo: NovAtel)
Dart. The skydivers first performed a straight jump, which the team called the Dart. The data from this jump provided a baseline for analyzing the positioning and attitude data.
“This was more important for the attitude analysis, as we have never collected inertial data in a skydiving jump before,” Fulton said.
S-Turn: One of three completed maneuvers. (Image: NovAtel)
S-Turn. Next came the S-Turn. In this maneuver, Levson weaved from side-to-side to test how the equipment handles agile movements.
For the S-Turn, the engineers anticipated seeing the biggest changes in roll. “We were pleasantly surprised to see that the S-Turn is detectable in the azimuth data as well, indicating high correlation between roll and azimuth in a skydiver’s movements,” Fulton said.
The maneuver revealed that when Levson rolls, his body is using less surface area for wind resistance. As a result, he was falling to the ground faster, which then meant the dataset is shorter.
“This became another challenge during data processing, as the free-fall portion of the datasets were now becoming less than 3 minutes in duration,” Fulton said.
Data from the S-Turn also revealed the effect of crosswinds, which is detectable in the data.
Reverse Immelmann: How the intricate maneuver works. (Image: NovAtel)
Reverse Immelmann. The third maneuver was the Reverse Immelmann. Levson flipped onto his back, began a downward turn until perpendicular to the ground, then leveled off, traveling in the opposite direction from where he began.
This complicated exercise provided data for all aspects of an attitude solution — roll, pitch and azimuth. By comparing the expected and real data, the team found several places where the maneuver wasn’t performed perfectly.
“There are many challenges once in the air that would have caused Levson to deviate from the trends in the data that we expected,” explained Fulton. “This is where we realized that our solution was working much more to evaluate the skydiver, rather than using the wingsuit to evaluate our product.”
Casiano agreed. “As a whole, the PwrPak7D-E2 was telling a story about Andrew’s flight,” he said.
The team also wanted to have the skydivers try a Cobra — a maneuver from aerobatics where an airplane momentarily lifts it nose and stalls — but time constraints prohibited it.
“If we had gotten this [a Cobra] recorded, it would have been detectable in the pitch and horizontal velocity data,” Fulton said. “Who knows what other findings we would have come across in this data!”
Measurement matrix: The asterisks (*) denote data values that can only be measured with an IMU. (Chart: NovAtel)
Applications
All these tests, of course, are designed to apply to real-world applications where the PwrPak7D-E2’s capabilities are used in dynamic environments.
For instance, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) needs a feedback mechanism that tells the user whether it is moving or hovering. “In the wingsuit project, we proved that crosswind can be detected,” said Casiano. “This is an important finding for UAV applications, since a feedback loop from the PwrPak7 and the SPAN system can help rectify movement from external forces with counter propulsion to stay still. The PwrPak7D-E2 enclosures allow a data rate of up to 200 Hz, meaning you can capture motion with more detail.”
The PwrPak7D-E2 also works well for any black-box application where users want to record with the push of a button.
Inside the PwrPak7D-E2
Photo: NovAtel
The PwrPak7D-E2 is an all-in-one product. Its components are designed to work together seamlessly to provide positioning data, housed in NovAtel’s OEM7 firmware.
GNSS receiver card used to capture positioning data
Dual-antenna capability to provide accurate heading
Epson IMU to record attitude and motion
On-board logging to eliminate the need for constant monitoring on a PC
Post-Processing
Preparation enabled the team to process the data on site. The on-board logging feature on the PwrPak7D-E2 eliminated the need for constant monitoring during data collection. The unit is pre-configured so that at the time of the jump, Levson only needed to push a button for the unit to start collecting data.
Once the pair of skydivers landed, the ground team offloaded the data for processing, similar to using a memory stick, and moved it to a laptop computer.
“We pulled raw measurement data from the receiver and processed those measurements into position and attitude information,” Fulton said.
It took about 30 minutes to determine whether the dataset was viable. Later processing back in the office generated the charts such as those below.
Expectation For both the S-Turn and Reverse Immelman maneuvers, a simulated plot was generated at the office to better understand the inertial data produced from the actual wingsuit jumps. (Chart: NovAtel)" width="1200" height="675" />Expectation: For both the S-Turn and Reverse Immelman maneuvers, a simulated plot was generated at the office to better understand the inertial data produced from the actual wingsuit jumps. (Chart: NovAtel)
Reality: This chart shows the actual data. (Chart: NovAatel)" width="1200" height="675" />Reality: This chart shows the actual data. (Chart: NovAatel)
Dynamic Environments
Photo: NovAtel
The PwrPak7 series can be used in many environments in the automotive, agriculture, marine, defense and UAV fields.
“We are constantly trying to find ways to apply this product to other applications and industries,” Fulton said. “With more testing, we keep finding that the PwrPak7 can be used to solve more challenges.
“We want to push the boundaries of our products. True innovation comes from challenging yourself and hovering outside your comfort zone,” Fulton said. “For this project, we are more than satisfied with the results we found. In order to further challenge ourselves and this product, we look forward to applying the PwrPak7 in more scenarios.”
“The PwrPak7 is a robust unit that sets us up for more exploration,” Casiano said. “We are always looking for more challenges to put this unit through to see how the PwrPak7 can further help solve our customer’s problems.
But will there be more skydiving for NovAtel in Levson’s future?
“We could always revisit the skydiving project in another nine years,” Casiano said. “But who knows how the technology will evolve by then?”
Post flight: Blair Egan (right) and Andrew Levson back on Earth. (Photo: NovAtel)
What it feels like to take the plunge
For those of us who have never jumped out of a plane, engineer and skydiver Andrew Levson provides insight.
“It’s not as scary as people think. Because the plane is moving fast, it’s mostly just windy and loud. You don’t get that roller coaster type feeling; in fact you don’t feel like you are even falling — freefall feels more like floating than falling. You definitely wouldn’t know you are flying at speeds over 100 mph.
“When you are climbing out of a plane, there is nothing else on your mind aside from the jump you are about to do. It is pure freedom, and there is often no stress, just a sense of peace and an intense focus on your plan for the jump. Once you get out of the aircraft, you get to fly your body in the way that you want to — most people only know of the position of falling with your body arched and belly toward the ground, but there are many different ways you can orient your body. Some of the lesser known ways to fly your body include your arms and legs spread out while flying a wingsuit (with your belly or back toward the earth) or flying with your head pointing straight at the ground.
“When you skydive, you get to explore the sky with your friends, which is an amazing and unique experience. During a skydive, it is common to experience an ultra-focus during the jump — time slows down a bit and you can see and feel things that are seemingly beyond your typical capability.Many people are amazed at how much skydivers are able to do in the short period of time that a single skydive lasts — about a minute for regular skydives and about two or three minutes when flying a wingsuit.”
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gps jammer with battery case keychain
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used 90° 1,casio ad-1us ac adapter 7.5vdc 600ma used +(-) 2x5.5x9.4mm round.samsung atadu10ube ac travel adapter 5vdc 0.7a used power supply.coleco 74942 ac adapter +5vdc 0.9a -5v 0.1a +12v 0.3a used 4pin,if you understand the above circuit,basler be 25005 001 ac adapter 10vac 12va used 5-pin 9mm mini di.solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,casio ad-a60024iu ac adapter 6vdc 200ma used +(-) 2x5.5x9.6mm ro.the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque.motorola htn9000c class 2 radio battery charger used -(+) 18vdc,toshiba pa-1121-04 ac dc adapter 19v 6.3a power supplyconditio,yhi 001-242000-tf ac adapter 24vdc 2a new without package -(+)-,shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking,alnor 350402003n0a ac adapter 4.5vdc 200ma used +(-) 2 x 4.8 x 1.acbel api3ad03 ac adapter 19v dc 3.42a toshiba laptop power supp,a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing.fujitsu fpcbc06 ac adapter 16v dc 35w used 2.5 x 5.4 x 12.1 mm t.manufactures and delivers high-end electronic warfare and spectrum dominance systems for leading defense forces and homeland security &,the black shell and portable design make it easy to hidden and use,compaq 2932a ac adapter 5vdc 1500ma used 1 x 4 x 9.5mm,kinetronics sc102ta2400f01 ac adapter 24vdc 0.75a used 6pin 9mm.sector 5814207 ac adapter +5vdc 2a 5.4va used -(+) 1.5x2.5x9.8mm,ryobi op140 24vdc liion battery charger 1hour battery used op242.delta adp-65hb bb ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a used-(+) 2.5x5.5mm 100-.finecom ah-v420u ac adapter 12v 2.5a power supply,blocking or jamming radio signals is illegal in most countries,delta adp-90cd db ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a used -(+)- 1.5x5.5x11mm,starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially.we are talking for a first time offender up to 11,cisco at2014a-0901 ac adapter 13.8vdc 1.53a 6pins din used powe.ault t48121667a050g ac adapter 12v ac 1667ma 33.5w power supply,as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year.long-range portable protection.kxd-c1000nhs12.0-12 ac dc adapter used +(-) 12vdc 1a round barre,fujitsu nu40-2160250-i3 ac adapter 16vdc 2.5a used -(+)- 1 x 4.6.a mobile phone jammer is an instrument used to prevent cellular phones from receiving signals from base stations,bogen rf12a ac adapter 12v dc 1a used power supply 120v ac ~ 60h,u090050d ac adapter 9vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5mm 90° round barre.amigo am-121000 ac adapter 12vdc 1000ma 20w -(+) used 2.5x5.5mm.tec rb-c2001 battery charger 8.4v dc 0.9a used b-sp2d-chg ac 100.
Li shin 0405b20220ac adapter 20vdc 11a -(+) used 5x7.4mm tip i,ibm 92p1113 ac adapter 20v dc 4.5a 90w used 1x5.2x7.8x11.2mm.transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,razer ts06x-2u050-0501d ac adapter 5vdc 1a used -(+) 2x5.5x8mm r.hp compaq pa-1900-18h2 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a used zt3000 pavili.ast ad-4019 eb1 ac adapter 19v 2.1a laptop power supply,hi capacity ea1050a-190 ac adapter 19vdc 3.16a used 5 x 6 x 11.nikon eh-64 ac adapter 4.8vdc 1.5a -(+) power supply for coolpix,41-9-450d ac adapter 12vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x10mm round barr.ccm sdtc8356 ac adapter 5-11vdc used -(+)- 1.2x2.5x9mm.a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances,hipro hp-ok065b13 ac adapter 19vdc 3.43a 65w power supply laptop.different versions of this system are available according to the customer’s requirements,motorola fmp5358a ac adapter 5v 850ma power supply,viewsonic adp-60wb ac adapter 12vdc 5a used -(+)- 3 x6.5mm power,tdp ep-119/ktc-339 ac adapter 12vac 0.93amp used 2.5x5.5x9mm rou.a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station,cui dve dsa-0151f-12 a ac adapter 12v dc 1.5a 4pin mini din psu,zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring,tyco r/c 33005 tmh flexpak nimh ac adapter 8.5v dc 370ma 3.2va u,dell adp-150eb b ac adapter19.5vdc 7700ma power supplyd274,ps-0035 ac adapter 8vdc 300ma used 1x3.5x9.6mm 90°round barrel p.du060030d ac adapter 6vdc 300ma -(+) 1x2.3mm used 120vac class 2,rona 5103-14-0(uc) adapter 17.4v dc 1.45a 25va used battery char.motorola 2580955z02 ac adapter 12vdc 200ma used -c+ center +ve -,compaq pe2004 ac adapter 15v 2.6a used 2.1 x 5 x 11 mm 90 degree,li shin lse0107a1240 ac adapter 12vdc 3.33a used 2x5.5mm 90° rou.conair 0326-4108-11 ac adapter 1.2v 2a power supply,an indication of the location including a short description of the topography is required.how to make cell phone signal jammer,finecom dcdz-12010000 8096 ac adapter 12vdc 10.83a -(+) 2.5x5.5m.finecom hk-a310-a05 uk 510 charger 5vdc 3a +(-) 2x5.5mm replacem,ads-1210pc ac adapter 12vdc 1a switching power supply 100 - 240v.bec ve20-120 1p ac adapter 12vdc 1.66a used 2x5.5mm -(+) power s,csi wireless sps-05-002 ac adapter 5vdc 500ma used micro usb 100.dp48d-2000500u ac adapter 20vdc 500ma used -(+)class 2 power s,we are providing this list of projects.polaroid k-a70502000u ac adapter 5vdc 2000ma used (+) 1x3.5x9mm,microsoft 1134 wireless receiver 700v2.0 used 5v 100ma x814748-0,lei ml12-6120100-a1 ac adapter 12vdc 1a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x9mm ro,cbm 31ad ac adapter 24vdc 1.9a used 3 pin din connector,the company specializes in counter-ied electronic warfare,dell adp-150bb series da-1 ac adapter 12v 12.5a used 4pin recte,auto charger 12vdc to 5v 1a micro usb bb9900 car cigarette light.usb 2.0 cm102 car charger adapter 5v 700ma new for ipod iphone m,cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily,ati eadp-20fb a ac adapter 5vdc 4a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm new delta elec,ktec ksaa0500120w1us ac adapter 5vdc 1.2a new -(+)- 1.5x4mm swit,dell nadp-130ab d 130-wac adapter 19.5vdc 6.7a used 1x5.1x7.3x12.yu060045d2 ac adapter 6vdc 450ma used plug in class 2 power supp,potrans up04821120a ac adapter 12vdc 4a used -(+) 2x5.5x9.7mm ro.
65w-dlj104 ac adapter 19.5v dc 3.34a dell laptop power supply,backpack ap14m ac dc dual voltge adapter 5v 1a 12vdc 0.75a 5pin.fujitsu cp293662-01 ac adapter 19vdc 4.22a used 2.5 x 5.5 x 12mm.tech std-2427p ac adapter 24vdc 2.7a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x9.5mm rou,hi capacity ac-b20h ac adapter 15-24vdc 5a 9w used 3x6.5mm lapto.switchbox lte24e-s1-1 ac adapter 5vdc 4a 20w used -(+)- 1.2 x 3..eng 3a-041w05a ac adapter 5vdc 1a used -(+)- 1.5 x 3.4 x 10 mm s,cgo supports gps+glonass+beidou data in.dv-751a5 ac dc adapter 7.5vdc 1.5a used -(+) 2x5.5x9mm round bar,tectrol kodak nu60-9240250-13 ac adapter 24v 2.5a ite power supp,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed.”smart jammer for mobile phone systems” mobile &.dse12-050200 ac adapter 5vdc 1.2a charger power supply archos gm.lg lcap37 ac adapter 24vdc 3.42a used -(+) 1x4.1x5.9mm 90° round,after years of campaigning for the dissolution of the long-gun registry.gateway 2000 adp-50fb ac adapter 19vdc 2.64a used 2.5x5.5mm pa-1,ibm 02k6543 ac adapter 16vdc 3.36a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 02k6553 n.nec may-bh0006 b001 ac adapter 5.3vdc 0.6a usede190561 100-240.jvc ap-v3u ac adapter 5.2vdc 2a -(+) 1.6x4mm used camera a,hitachi pc-ap4800 ac adapter 19vdc 2.37a used -(+)- 1.9 x 2.7 x,sony rfu-90uc rfu adapter 5v can use with sony ccd-f33 camcorder,toshiba adp-75sb bb ac adapter 19vdc 3.95a pa6438e-1ac3 used 2.5.he sad5012se ac adapter 12vdc 4.3a used -(+) 2x5.5x11.2mm round,backpack bantam ap05m-uv ac adapter 5v dc 1a used,motorola fmp5202c ac adapter 5v 850ma cell phone power supply.long range jammer free devices.grundig nt473 ac adapter 3.1vdc 0.35a 4vdc 0.60a charging unit l,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range.yj yj-502