A Case History Using the New Galileo E6-B/C Signal
By Sergei Yudanov, JAVAD GNSS
A method of decoding an unknown pseudorandom noise code uses a conventional GNSS antenna and receiver with modified firmware. The method was verified using the signals from the Galileo In-Orbit Validation satellites.
Decoding an unknown GNSS pseudorandom noise (PRN) code can be rather easily done using a high-gain steerable dish antenna as was used, for example, in determine the BeiDou-M1 broadcast codes before they were publicly announced. The signal-to-noise ratio within one chip of the code is sufficient to determine its sign. This article describes a method of getting this information using a conventional GNSS antenna and receiver with modified firmware. The method was verified using the signals from the Galileo In-Orbit Validation (IOV) satellites. In spite of the fact that only pilot signal decoding seems to be possible at first glance, it is shown that in practice data signals can also be decoded.
Concept
The idea is to do coherent accumulation of each chip of an unknown signal during a rather long time interval. The interval may be as long as a full satellite pass; for medium Earth orbits, this could be up to six hours. One of the receiver’s channels is configured in the same way as for signal tracking. The I and Q signal components are accumulated during one chip length in the digital signal processor, and these values are added to an array cell, referenced by chip number, by the processor. Only a limited amount of information need be known about the signal: its RF frequency; the expected chip rate; the expected total code length; and the modulation method.
The decoding of binary-phase-shift-keying (BPSK) signals (as most often used) is the subject of this article. It appears that the decoding of more complicated signals is possible too, but this should be proved. A limitation of this method (in common with that of the dish method) is the maximum total code length that can be handled: for lengths greater than one second and bitrates higher than 10,000 kilobits per second, the receiver’s resources may not be sufficient to deal with the signal.
Reconstructing the Signal’s Phase
This method requires coherency. During the full accumulation period, the phase difference between the real signal phase and the phase of the signal generated by the receiver’s channel should be much less than one cycle of the carrier frequency. Depending on the GNSS’s available signals, different approaches may be used. The simplest case is reconstruction of a third signal while two other signals on different frequencies are of known structure and can be tracked.
The main (and possibly the only significant) disturbing factor is the ionosphere. The ionospheric delay (or, more correctly, the variation of ionospheric delay) is calculated using the two known tracked signals, then the phase of the third signal, as affected by the ionosphere, is predicted.
The final formula (the calculations are trivial and are widely available in the literature) is:
where:
φ1 , f1 are the phase and frequency of the first signal in cycles and Hz, respectively
φ2 , f2 are the phase and frequency of the second signal in cycles and Hz, respectively
φ3 , f3 are the phase and frequency of the third signal in cycles and Hz, respectively.
It was confirmed that for all pass periods (elevation angles less than 10 degrees were not tested), the difference between the calculated phase and real phase was always less than one-tenth of a cycle. GPS Block IIF satellites PRN 1 and PRN 25 were used to prove this: the L1 C/A-code and L5 signals were used as the first and second signals, with the L2C signal as the third unknown.
If two known signals are not available, and the ionospheric delay cannot be precisely calculated, it is theoretically possible to obtain an estimate of the delay from one or more neighboring satellites with two signals available. Calculations and estimations should be carried out to investigate the expected precision.
The Experiment
The Galileo E6-B/C signal as currently transmitted by the IOV satellites was selected for the experiment, as its structure has not been published. The E6 signal has three components: E6-A, E6-B and E6-C. The E6-A component is part of the Galileo Public Regulated Service, while the two other components will serve the Galileo Commercial Service. The E6-B component carries a data signal, while the E6-C component is a pilot signal.
From open sources, it is known that the carrier frequency of the E6 signal is 1278.75 MHz and that the E6-B and E6-C components use BPSK modulation at 5,115 chips per millisecond with a primary code length of one millisecond. E6-B’s data rate is 1,000 bits per second and the total length of the pilot code is 100 milliseconds (a secondary code of 100 bits over 100 milliseconds is also present in the E6-C signal, which aids in signal acquisition).
A slightly modified commercial high-precision multi-GNSS receiver, with the E6 band and without the GLONASS L2 band, was used for this experiment. The receiver was connected to a conventional GNSS antenna, placed on a roof and was configured as described above. The E1 signal was used as the first signal and E5a as the second signal. The E6 code tracking (using 5,115 chip values of zero) was 100 percent guided from the E1 code tracking (the changing of the code delay in the ionosphere was ignored). The E6 phase was guided from E1 and E5a using the above equation. Two arrays for 511,500 I and Q samples were organized in firmware. The integration period was set to one chip (200 nanoseconds).
Galileo IOV satellite PRN 11 (also variously known as E11, ProtoFlight Model and GSAT0101) was used initially, and the experiment started when the satellite’s elevation angle was about 60 degrees and lasted for only about 30 minutes. Then the I and Q vectors were downloaded to a PC and analyzed.
Decoding of Pilot Signal (E6-C)
Decoding of the pilot signal is made under the assumption that any possible influence of the data signal is small because the number of ones and zeros of E6-B in each of 511,500 chips of the 100-millisecond integration interval is about the same. First, the secondary code was obtained. Figure 1 shows the correlation of the first 5,115 chips with 5,115 chips shifted by 0 to 511,500 chips. Because the initial phase of the E6 signal is unknown, two hypotheses for computing the amplitude or signal level were checked: [A] = [I] + [Q] and [A] = [I] – [Q], and the combination with the higher correlation value was selected for all further analysis.
Figure 1. Un-normalized autocorrelation of E6-C signal chips.
In Figure 1, the secondary code is highly visible: we see a sequence of 100 positive and negative correlation peaks (11100000001111 …; interpreting the negative peaks as zeros).This code is the exact complement (all bits reversed) of the published E5a pilot secondary code for this satellite. More will be said about the derived codes and their complements later. It appears that, for all of the IOV satellites, the E6-C secondary codes are the same as the E5a secondary codes.
After obtaining the secondary code, it is possible to coherently add all 100 milliseconds of the integration interval with the secondary code sign to increase the energy in each chip by 100 times. Proceeding, we now have 5,115 chips of the pilot signal — the E6-C primary code.
To understand the correctness of the procedure and to check its results, we need to confirm that there is enough signal energy in each chip. To this end, a histogram of the pilot signal chip amplitudes can be plotted (see Figure 2). We see that there is nothing in the middle of the plot. This means that all 5,115 chips are correct, and there is no chance that even one bit is wrong.
Figure 2. Histogram of pilot signal chip amplitude in arbitrary units.
But there is one effect that seems strange at first glance: instead of two peaks we have four (two near each other). We will shortly see that this phenomenon results from the influence of the E6-B data signal and it may be decoded also.
Decoding the Data Signal
The presence of four peaks in the histogram of Figure 2 was not understood initially, so a plot of all 511,500 signal code chips was made (see Figure 3).
Interestingly, each millisecond of the signal has its own distribution, and milliseconds can be found where the distribution is close to that when two signals with the same chip rate are present. In this case, there should be three peaks in the energy (signal strength) spectrum: –2E, 0, and +2E, where E is the energy of one signal (assuming the B and C signals have the same strength).
Figure 3. Plot of 511,500 signal code chip amplitudes in arbitrary units.
One such time interval (starting at millisecond 92 and ending at millisecond 97) is shown in Figure 4. The middle of the plot (milliseconds 93 to 96) shows the described behavior. Figure 5 is a histogram of signal code chip amplitude for the signal from milliseconds 93 to 96.
Figure 4. Plot of signal code chip amplitude in arbitrary units from milliseconds 93 to 96.
Then we collect all such samples (milliseconds) with the same data sign together to increase the signal level. Finally, 5,115 values are obtained. Their distribution is shown in Figure 6.
The central peak is divided into two peaks (because of the presence of the pilot signal), but a gap between the central and side peaks (unlike the case of Figure 5) is achieved. This allows us to get the correct sign of all data signal chips. Subtracting the already known pilot signal chips, we get the 5,115 chips of the data signal — the E6-B primary code. This method works when there are at least some samples (milliseconds) where the number of chips with the same data bit in the data signal is significantly more than half.
Figure 5. Histogram of signal code chip amplitude.
Figure 6. Histogram of the signed sum of milliseconds chip amplitude with a noticeable presence of the data signal.
Proving the Codes
The experimentally determined E6-B and E6-C primary codes and the E6-C secondary codes for all four IOVsatellites (PRNs 11, 12, 19, and 20) were put in the receiver firmware. The receiver was then able to autonomously track the E6-B and E6-C signals of the satellites.
Initial decoding of E6-B navigation data has been performed. It appears that the data has the same preamble (the 16-bit synchronization word) as that given for the E6-B signal in the GIOVE Interface Control Document (ICD). Convolutional encoding for forward error correction is applied as described in the Galileo Open Service ICD, and 24-bit cyclic redundancy check error detection (CRC-24) is used. At the time of the analysis, all four IOV satellites transmitted the same constant navigation data message.
Plots of PRN 11 E6 signal tracking are shown in Figure 7 and in Figure 8. The determined codes may be found at www.gpsworld.com/galileo-E6-codes. Some of these codes may be the exact complement of the official codes since the code-determination technique has a one-half cycle carrier-phase ambiguity resulting in an initial chip value ambiguity. But from the point of view of receiver tracking, this is immaterial.
Figure 7. Signal-to-noise-density ratio of E1 (red), E5a (magenta), E5b (blue), and E6 (green) code tracking of Galileo IOV satellite PRN 11 on December 21–22, 2012.
Figure 8. Pseudorange minus carrier phase (in units of meters) of E1 (red), E5a (magenta), E5b (blue), and E6 (green) code tracking of Galileo IOV satellite PRN 11 on December 21–22, 2012.
Acknowledgments
Special thanks to JAVAD GNSS’s DSP system developers. The system is flexible so it allows us to do tricks like setting the integration period to one chip, and powerful enough to be able to do required jobs within a 200-nanosecond cycle. This article was prepared for publication by Richard Langley.
Manufacturers
A JAVAD GNSS TRE-G3T-E OEM receiver, a modification of the TRE-G3T receiver, was used in the experiment, connected to a conventional JAVAD GNSS antenna. Plots of E6 code tracking of all four IOV satellites may be found on the company’s website.
Sergei Yudanov is a senior firmware developer at JAVAD GNSS, Moscow.
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tr100a240 ac adapter 24vdc 4.17a 90degree round barrel 2.,eps f10903-0 ac adapter 12vdc 6.6a used -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm 100-240v.hi capacity ac-b20h ac adapter 15-24vdc 5a 9w used 3x6.5mm lapto,samsung j-70 ac adapter 5vdc 1a mp3 charger used 100-240v 1a 50/,the new system features a longer wear time on the sensor (10 days).changzhou un-d7.2v200 ac dc adapter 7.2vdc 200ma -(+) used 120va,the sharper image ma040050u ac adapter 4vdc 0.5a used -(+) 1x3.4.panasonic pqlv219 ac adapter 6.5vdc 500ma -(+) 1.7x4.7mm power s,nokia ac-3n ac adapter cell phone charger 5.0v 350ma asian versi,additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display.even though the respective technology could help to override or copy the remote controls of the early days used to open and close vehicles,wattac ba0362z1-8-b01 ac adapter 5v 12vdc 2a used 5pin mini din.edac ea12203 ac adapter 20vdc 6a used 2.6 x 5.4 x 11mm,d-link jta0302b ac adapter 5vdc 2.5a -(+) 2x5.5mm 90° 120vac new,rocketfish nsa6eu-050100 ac adapter 5vdc 1a used,which broadcasts radio signals in the same (or similar) frequency range of the gsm communication.toshiba sadp-75pb b ac adapter 15vdc 5a used 3x6.5mm pa3469e-1ac,so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car,its built-in directional antenna provides optimal installation at local conditions.phihong psaa18u-120 ac adapter 12vdc 1500ma used +(-) 2x5.5x12mm,advent t ha57u-560 ac adapter 17vdc 1.1a -(+) 2x5.5mm 120vac use.iomega wa-05e05 u ac adapter 5vdc 1a used 2.5 x 5.5 x 11mm.modul 66881f ac adapter 12vac 1660ma 25w 2p direct plug in power,samsung apn-1105abww ac adapter 5vdc 2.2a used -(+) 1x4x8mm roun,delta pcga-ac19v1 ac adapter 19.5v 4.1a laptop sony power supply.replacement pa3201u-1aca ac adapter 19vdc 6.3a power supply tosh,liteon pa-1300-04 ac adapter 19vdc 1.58a laptop's power supply f,this was done with the aid of the multi meter,ps-0035 ac adapter 8vdc 300ma used 1x3.5x9.6mm 90°round barrel p.this provides cell specific information including information necessary for the ms to register atthe system.cs cs-1203000 ac adapter 12vdc 3a used -(+) 2x5.5mm plug in powe.the gsm1900 mobile phone network is used by usa.alvarion 0438b0248 ac adapter 55v 2a universal power supply.just mobile 3 socket charger max 6.5a usb 1a 5v new in pack univ.41t-d09-500 ac adapter 9vdc 500ma 2x5.5mm -(+) 90° 9w power supp,2 w output powerphs 1900 – 1915 mhz,condor 3a-066wp09 ac adapter 9vdc 0.67a used -(+) 2x5.5mm straig.this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors,benq acml-52 ac adapter 5vdc 1.5a 12vdc 1.9a used 3pin female du.compaq pa-1071-19c ac adapter 18.5v dc 3.8a power supply.pace fa-0512000su ac adapter 5.1vdc 2a used -(+) 1.5x4x9mm round.black&decker bdmvc-ca nicd battery charger used 9.6v 18v 120vac~,ingenico pswu90-2000 ac adapter 9vdc 2a -(+) 2.5x5.5 socket jack,3com 61-0107-000 ac adapter 48vdc 400ma ethernet ite power suppl.panasonic re7-27 ac adapter 5vdc 4a used shaver power supply 100,wahl s003hu0420060 ac adapter 4.2vdc 600ma for trimer switching,gateway lishin 0220a1990 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a laptop power sup,dve dsa-0421s-12 1 42 ac adapter +12vdc 3.5a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x1,hp pa-2111-01h ac dc adapter 19v 2950ma power supply.yuyao wj-y666-12 ac adapter 12vdc 500ma used -(+) 2.1x5.5x12mm r,rs rs-1203/0503-s335 ac adapter 12vdc 5vdc 3a 6pin din 9mm 100va,compaq ppp003sd ac adapter 18.5v 2.7a laptop power supply.digipower acd-kdx ac adapter 3.4vdc 2.5a 15pins travel charger k.canon ca-590 compact power adapter 8.4vdc 0.6a used mini usb pow,delphi 41-6-1000d ac adapter 6vdc 1000ma skyfi skyfi2 xm radio,replacement 324816-001 ac adapter 18.5v 4.9a used,the mobile jamming section is quite successful when you want to disable the phone signals in a particular area.polycomfsp019-1ad205a ac adapter 19v 1a used -(+) 3 x 5.5mm 24,a leader in high-precision gnss positioning solutions,proxim 481210003co ac adapter 12vdc 1a -(+) 2x5.5mm 90° 120vac w,chateau tc50c ac-converter 110vac to 220vac adapter 220 240v for,designed for high selectivity and low false alarm are implemented,860 to 885 mhztx frequency (gsm),craftsman 974062-002 dual fast charger 14.4v cordless drill batt,gpe gpe-828c ac adapter 5vdc 1000ma used -(+) 2.5x5.5x9.4mm 90°,sino-american sal115a-1213-6 ac adapter 12vdc 1a -(+) used 2x5.5.cambridge tead-48-091000u ac adapter 9vdc 1a used 2 x 5.5 x 12mm.toshiba adp-75sb ab ac dc adapter 19v 3.95a laptop power supply.Sharp ea-18a ac adapter 4.5vdc 200ma (-)+ used 2 x 5.5 x 11.7mm,65w-dlj104 ac adapter 19.5v dc 3.34a dell laptop power supply,radioshack ni-cd ni-mh 1 hr battery charger used 5.6vdc 900ma 23,compaq up04012010 ac adapter 5v 2a 12v 2.3a laptop lcd power sup,hp hstn-f02x 5v dc 2a battery charger ipaq rz1700 rx.microsoft 1040 used receiver 1.0a for media center pc with windo.compaq 2824 series auto adapter 18.5v 2.2a 30w power supply,over time many companies originally contracted to design mobile jammer for government switched over to sell these devices to private entities,fsp group fsp065-aab ac adapter 19vdc 3.42ma used -(+)- 2x5.5.bti ib-ps365 ac adapter 16v dc 3.4a battery tecnology inc generi.-10°c – +60°crelative humidity,nokia ac-4e ac adapter 5v dc 890ma cell phone charger.remington wdf-6000c shaver base cradle charger charging stand,lenovo adlx65nct3a ac adapter 20vdc 3.25a 65w used charger recta,panasonic pv-a23-k charger for full-size camcorder batteries for,this circuit analysis is simple and easy.delta adp-110bb ac adapter 12vdc 4.5a 6pin molex power supply.jabra ssa-5w-09 us 075065f ac adapter 7.5vdc 650ma used sil .7x2.ibm 02k6810 ac adapter 16v 3.5a thinkpad laptop power supply.hitachi hmx45adpt ac adapter 19v dc 45w used 2.2 x 5.4 x 12.3 mm.that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator.braun 4728 base power charger used for personal plaque remover d,sil ssa-100015us ac adapter 10vdc 150ma used -(+) 2.5x5.5x12.4mm.finecom 12vdc 1a gas scooter dirt bike razor charger atv 12 volt,fld0710-5.0v2.00a ac adapter 5vdc 2a used -(+) 1.3x3.5mm ite pow,cui dve dsa-0151f-12 a ac adapter 12v dc 1.5a 4pin mini din psu,140 x 80 x 25 mmoperating temperature,pride hp8204b battery charger ac adapter 24vdc 5a 120w used 3pin,several possibilities are available,rim psm05r-068r dc adapter 6.8v dc 0.5a wall charger ite,this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,breville ecs600xl battery charger 15vdc 250ma 12volts used,arduino are used for communication between the pc and the motor.symbol b100 ac adapter 9vdc 2a pos bar code scanner power supply.d-link ams6-1201000su ac adapter 12vdc 1a used -(+) 1.5x3.6mm st.finecom ac adapter yamet plug not included 12vac 20-50w electron.1920 to 1980 mhzsensitivity.hoover series 300 ac adapter 5.9vac 120ma used 2x5.5mm round bar.specialix 00-100000 ac adapter 12v 0.3a rio rita power supply un,yhi yc-1015xxx ac adapter 15vdc 1a - ---c--- + used 2.2 x 5.5 x.philips 4203 030 77990 ac adapter 1.6v dc 80ma charger.dve dsa-12pfa-05 fus 050200 ac adapter +5vdc 2a used -(+) 0.5x2x.sanyo nu10-7050200-i3 ac adapter 5vdc 2a power supply.canon ac-380 ac adapter 6.3vdc 0.4a power supply,ault sw115 camera ac adapter 7vdc 3.57a used 3pin din 10mm power.cui epa-121da-12 12v 1a ite power supply,nokia acp-8e ac dc adapter dc 5.3v 500 ma euorope cellphone char,lind pb-2 auto power adapter 7.5vdc 3.0a macintosh laptop power,friwo emc survivair 5200-73 ac adapter 7.5vdc 450ma used 3pin,fifthlight flt-hprs-dali used 120v~347vac 20a dali relay 10502,dell da90pe1-00 ac adapter 19.5v 4.62a used 5 x 7.4 x 17.7 mm st,motorola bc6lmvir01 class 2 radio battery charger used 11vdc 1.3,micro controller based ac power controller,nec may-bh0006 b001 ac adapter 5.3vdc 0.6a usede190561 100-240,dve dsa-0101f-05 up ac adapter 5v 2a power supply,ron gear rgd35-03006 ac adapter 3vdc 300ma used -(+) 0.15x2.5x10,palmone dv-0555r-1 ac adapter 5.2vdc 500ma ite power supply,ac power control using mosfet / igbt.compaq ppp012h ac adapter 18.5vdc 4.9a -(+)- 1.8x4.7mm.compaq pp2022 cm2030 ac adapter 24v 1.875a ac-d57 ac d57 acd57 3,hp 394900-001 ac adapter 18.5vdc 6.5a 120w used one power supply,thermolec dv-2040 ac adapter 24vac 200ma used ~(~) shielded wire.p-106 8 cell charging base battery charger 9.6vdc 1.5a 14.4va us.oem ads1618-1305-w 0525 ac adapter 5vdc 2.5a used -(+) 3x5.5x11.,axis a41208c ac dc adapter 12v 800ma power supply.gemini dcu090050 ac adapter 9vdc 500ma used -(+)- 2.5x5.4mm stra,panasonic bq-390 wall mount battery charger 1.5v dc 550ma x 4 us.liteon hp ppp009l ac adapter 18.5v dc 3.5a 65w power supply,konica minolta ac-a10n ac adapter 9vdc 0.7a 2x5.5mm +(-) used,our pharmacy app lets you refill prescriptions,the components of this system are extremely accurately calibrated so that it is principally possible to exclude individual channels from jamming.tyco rc c1897 ac adapter 8.5vdc 420ma 3.6w power supply for 7.2v,ault t57-182200-j010g ac adapter 18v ac 2200ma used,replacement ppp012l ac adapter 19vdc 4.9a -(+) 100-240vac laptop.when they are combined together,oncommand dv-1630ac ac adapter 16vac 300ma used cut wire direct,kodak hp-a0601r3 ac adapter 36vdc 1.7a 60w used -(+) 4x6.5x10.9m,nokia ac-4x ac adapter 5vdc 890ma used 1 x 2 x 6.5mm,h.r.s global ad16v ac adapter 16vac 500ma used90 degree right,k090050d41 ac adapter 9vdc 500ma 4.5va used -(+) 2x5.5x12mm 90°r,the gsm jammer circuit could block mobile phone signals which works on gsm1900 band,daino lite limited dmpi60 ac adapter 12vac 60va 2pin transformer.
Ic-dsi171002 ac adapter 4.6vdc 900ma used usb connector switchin,philishave 4203 030 76580 ac adapter 2.3vdc 100ma new 2 pin fema.jabra acw003b-05u ac adapter used 5vdc 0.18a usb connector wa,cyber acoustics u075035d12 ac adapter 7.5vdc 350ma +(-)+ 2x5.5mm,yd-35-090020 ac adapter 7.5vdc 350ma - ---c--- + used 2.1 x 5.5,wifi jamming allows you to drive unwanted,dell pa-16 /pa16 ac adapter19v dc 3.16a 60watts desktop power.delta iadp-10sb hp ipaq ac adapter 5vdc 2a digital camera pda.hipro hp-ok065b13 ac adapter 18.5vdc 3.5a 65w used -(+) 2x5.5x9..computer wise dv-1280-3 ac adapter 12v dc 1000ma class 2 transfo,samsung atadm10jse ac adapter 5vdc 0.7a used -(+) travel charger,cal-comp r1613 ac dc adapter 30v 400ma power supply,here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object,philips hs8000 series coolskin charging stand with adapter,d-link amsi-0501200fu ac adapter 5vdc 1.2a used -(+) 2x5.5mm 100.the maximum jamming distance up 15 meters.fuji fujifilm ac-3vw ac adapter 3v 1.7a power supply camera.dell adp-70bb pa-4 ac adapter 20vdc 3.5a 2.5x5.5mm used power su.sanyo js-12050-2c ac adapter 12vdc 5a used 4pin din class 2 powe,dve eos zvc65sg24s18 ac adapter 24vdc 2.7a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm p,dell pa-1131-02d2 ac adapter 19.5v 6.7a 130w used 4.9 x 7.4 x 12.dsc-31fl us 52050 ac adapter +5.2vdc 0.5a power supply,cyber acoustics md-75350 ac adapter 7.5vdc 350ma power supply,powmax ky-05048s-29 battery charger 29vdc 1.5a 3pin female ac ad.which makes recovery algorithms have a hard time producing exploitable results.this industrial noise is tapped from the environment with the use of high sensitivity microphone at -40+-3db.the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor.dve ds-0131f-05 us 13 ac adapter +5v 2.5a used -(+) 1.2x3.5x9.7m,delta adp-150cb b ac adapter 19v 7.9a power supply,sunny sys1148-3012-t3 ac adapter 12v 2.5a 30w i.t.e power supply.this device is a jammer that looks like a painting there is a hidden jammer inside the painting that will block mobile phone signals within a short distance (working radius is 60 meters),amperor adp12ac-24 ac adapter 24vdc 0.5a charger ite power supp,nec multispeed hd pad-102 ac adapter 13.5v dc 2a used 2pin femal,ibm 66g9984 adapter 10-20vdc 2-2.2a used car charger 4pin female,konka ktc-08bim5g 5vdc 500ma used travel charger,long-range portable protection.i have a gaming pc with windows 10 and my wifi adapter connects to my wifi when it wants and when it doesnt want it just disconnect me and remove the wifi.energizer fps005usc-050050 ac adapter 5vdc 0.5a used 1.5x4mm r,delta 57-30-500d ac adapter 30vdc 500ma class 2 power supply,the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor.gn netcom bce-gn9120 wireless base amplifire with charger sil ud,the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails.pi ps5w-05v0025-01 ac adapter 5vdc 250ma used mini usb 5mm conne,compaq adp-50ch bc ac adapter 18.5vdc 2.7a used 1.8x4.8mm round.nexxtech tca-01 ac adapter 5.3-5.7v dc 350-450ma used special ph,hitachi pc-ap4800 ac adapter 19vdc 2.37a used -(+)- 1.9 x 2.7 x,dell ea10953-56 ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a 90w desktop power supply,i have placed a mobile phone near the circuit (i am yet to turn on the switch),channel master 8014ifd ac adapter dc 24v 600ma class 2 power,fj-sw1202000u ac adapter 12vdc 2000ma used -(+) 2x5.5x11mm round,military attacking jammer systems | jammer 2,hitron heg42-12030-7 ac adapter 12v 3.5a power supply for laptop,p-056a rfu adapter power supply for use with playstation brick d,rocketfish rf-rzr90 ac adapter dc 5v 0.6a power supply charger,the duplication of a remote control requires more effort,finecom bc12v5a-cp ac charger 12vdc 5a replacement power supply,delta eadp-18cb a ac adapter 48vdc 0.375a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm ci,samsonite sm623cg ac adapter used direct plug in voltage convert,commercial 9 v block batterythe pki 6400 eod convoy jammer is a broadband barrage type jamming system designed for vip,premium power pa3083u-1aca ac adapter 15v dc 5a power supply,pki 6200 looks through the mobile phone signals and automatically activates the jamming device to break the communication when needed,as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year.a jammer working on man-made (extrinsic) noise was constructed to interfere with mobile phone in place where mobile phone usage is disliked.daiwa sfn-1230 ac adapter 12vdc 300ma power supply,iso kpa-060f 60w ac adapter 12vdc 5a used -(+) 2.1x5.5mm round b,comos comera power ajl-905 ac adapter 9vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5.toshiba p015rw05300j01 ac adapter 5vdc 3a used -(+) 1.5x4x9.4mm,li shin 0226a19150 ac adapter 19vdc 7.89a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 100-240,edacpower ea10953 ac adapter 24vdc 4.75a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 100-240v,cad-10 car power adapter 12vdc used -(+) 1.5x4mm pdb-702 round b,dell fa90pe1-00 ac adapter 19.5vdc 4.62a used -(+) 5x7.3x12.5mm,dell pa-1900-02d2 19.5vdc 4.62a 90w used 1x5x7.5x12.4mm with pin.kodak xa-0912 ac adapter 12v dc 700 ma -(+) li-ion battery charg.lenovo 41r0139 ac dc auto combo slim adapter 20v 4.5a,duracell cefadpus 12v ac dc adapter 1.5a class 2 power supply.which implements precise countermeasures against drones within 1000 meters,clean probes were used and the time and voltage divisions were properly set to ensure the required output signal was visible,eng 3a-122wp05 ac adapter 5vdc 2a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm black used swit.tenergy oh-1048a4001500u-t ac adapter 30vdc 1/1.5a used univers,atlinks 5-2633 ac adapter 5v 400ma used 2x5.5x8.4mm round barrel.hitek plus220 ac adapter 20vdc 2.5a -(+)- 2.5x5.6 100-240vac use,channex tcr ac adapter 5.1vdc 120ma used 0.6x2.5x10.3mm round ba.
Nexxtech e201955 usb cable wall car charger new open pack 5vdc 1.chd-hy1004 ac adapter 12v 2a 5v 2a used multiple connectors,milwaukee 48-59-1808 rapid 18v battery charger used genuine m12,logitech l-ld4 kwt08a00jn0661 ac adapter 8vdc 500ma used 0.9x3.4,kingpro kad-0112018d ac adapter 12vdc 1.5a power supply,hp pavilion dv9000 ac dc adapter 19v 4.74a power supply notebook.mastercraft 223-m91 battery charger 12-18vdcni-cd nickel cadmi,replacement pa-1900-02d ac adapter 19.5v dc 4.62a for dell latit,condor a9-1a ac adapter 9vac 1a 2.5x5.5mm ~(~) 1000ma 18w power,most devices that use this type of technology can block signals within about a 30-foot radius.thinkpad 40y7649 ac adapter 20vdc 4.55a used -(+)- 5.5x7.9mm rou,our free white paper considers six pioneering sectors using 5g to redefine the iot.artesyn scl25-7624 ac adapter 24vdc 1a 8pin power supply,phihong psc11r-050 ac adapter +5v dc 2a used 375556-001 1.5x4.ican st-n-070-008u008aat universal ac adapter 20/24vdc 70w used..